Boiler



prii 14, was. M, a HALL 2,037,019

BOILER Filed July 50, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet l 'INVENTOR.

' MORA S. HALL ATTORNEY.

M. S. HALL April 14, 1936.

BOILER Filed July 50, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

MORA S.HA|

ATTORNEY;

vPatented Apr. 14, 1936 sites "PATENT "oFFi-c E BOILER ;land- Application July 30, 1934; Serial No. 737,662

9 Claims. (01,1;225-126) This application is a continuation-in-part of :my application .SerialNo. 647,441, filed December .15, 1932. I

This invention relates to boilers for heating ,7, purposes and has particular application to the type of boilers wherein the gaseous products of combustion or otherheating gases are directed ithrough a passageway or c'onduit surrounded by mm compartments of various constructions :and which are employedwith low pressuresteani .QQrh tater house-heating systems. Y: Among the objects of this invention is to prowide aih ile of this kind having a main water achamber an auxiliary quick-heating water 15; chamber separated from each other and outside condiuti'means to connect these water chambers for fluid circulation, V A further object of this invention resides in I the use of the auxiliary quick-heating water I chamber as a water lining for the floor and vertical walls of the fire pct of the boiler in combi- ;nation with the outside, fluid-circulation, conduit means.

Other, further, and more specific objects of 525 ;ithis invention will become readily app rent to persons skilled in the art from a consideration of i the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein: Fig. 1 is a central vertical section showing a preferred form of my invention, adapted for use with an oil burner.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing a modified form of my invention. Fig. 3 is an elevation, showing the outside conduit extending from the upper part of the auxiliary quick-heating water compartment to the upper part of the main water compartment in the L form of boilers shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, illustrating the use of a hot water supply coil in the upper part of the main water compartment of a boiler like that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a detail, perspective view of the removable water coil shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged, fragmental section showing the partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler which separates the water compartments in my preferred construction. M In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the outer shell I of the boiler is provided with a base '2 anda top wall 3. The fire pot 4 receives the combustion or other burning gases from any suitable source, preferably an oil burner (no t shown in the drawing) of the pressure atomizing type, the combustible mixture entering j mixture into the fire ""pass from the 'fire pot 4 through the heating gas chamberst and the passageways or tubular flues 5 being'connectedto one of these fthrough the pipe'E, commonly known as -the wind pipe, and being discharged asan ignited pot. These heating gases 1 which connect chambersfi with each other and thelowest of said chambers 9 with the 'fire wt 4, and exit through the" smoke upper portion of the boiler. The fines are arranged in": sets, each of the 10 passageway 8 in the chambers 6 being cdnnect ed to-the adjacent chambers 6, by a set of these flues, the fire pot 4 chambers 6 by one of these "setsfof' flues; Each ofthese sets of flues l are'preferably formed in banks of twoor moreflues, the flues beingpf tubular form, generally of cylindrical shape, and inclinedftothe axis "of the boiler.

'I'h'ese fiues' i comprise a central portionlocated eitherbetweentwo adjacent chambers or be- "tween the lower one of these chambers and the fire pot, such middle portions being surrounded by water irr'the' main water compartment 9. 'I'hesefiuesl also have end portions projecting into the chambers 6 and fire pot 4, these project- 5 7 ing portions being out of contact with the'water 2.11am contactwith the combustion or other heating gases. "I'he'flues' are preferably made "of goodheat conducting material and the portions 'projecting' into the fire pot 4 and chambers 6 areof sufiicient length to aid in conducting heat "toward the middle portions surrounded by the water and thus eifecting a high eificiency of heat exchange from thecombustion or other heating gases to the water in the boiler.

As illustrated herein, theseflues l arepreferably cylindrical, inclined to the axis of the boiler and with walls parallelto the axis of the tubes.

g However, it is to be. understoodthat tubes of "other configurations may be employed.

With any set of tubes, it is desirable, however,

to have the streams" of gas issuing from some of the tubes collide and intermingle with the streams of gas issuing from some of the other tubes so as to effect a propermixt'ure of the gases before exitingfrom any of the chambers 6. .This may beaccomplish'ed as illustrated" in Fig. 1 by having thefiues l'converging toward arestricted areaorto each.othe'r."'Witl1in each chamber 6,

[t em s through which the gases exit overlap in spaced relation the flues through which the gases entersuch f"co'mpa'rtinent, thereby forcing the gases} any given chamber to travel through tortuous paths before exiting from said chamber, and thus increasing the efiiciency of duits supplying water heat exchange from the gases to the water surrounding the chambers. For convenience and simplicity, the fiues 1 are cyl'mdrical and straight,

but if desired tubes of other circumferential or longitudinal shapes may be used; and tubes which are bent or curved lengthwise may be employed also. It is desirable, however, that in any given set of tubes the ends through which the gases enter a chamber be so positioned that the streams of gas coming through such tubes will convergetoward some central space and collide and cause turbulence and forced intermingling. The result is a greater, more rapid and more effective heat exchange between the boiler heat-absorbing surfaces and the hot gases on the inside of the chamber and the boiler water at the heat-absorbing surfaces.

My new construction also results in a lessening of the effect of the permanent, practically immobile gas film which is present at the surfaces of the heating walls exposed to the gases of combustion, and there is also a reduction of the mean hydraulic depth of the gas streams passing through the boiler. These special features in my boiler contribute to a greater heat transfer and consequently greater economy.

The main water compartment 9 is separated from the auxiliary, quick-heating water compartment"! by the partition H in Fig. 1. This partition is obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and is my preferred construction. In Fig. 2, the corresponding partition I2 is perpendicular to the axis of the boiler.

The auxiliary quick-heating water compartment I0 serves as awater lining for the pot 4 and derives heat from the combustion gases at their higher temperatures.

Hot water or stream from the auxiliary water compartment I0 is discharged at I3 into the outside conduit l4 and enters the main water compartment 9 at 15. The most satisfactory results are derived by having the discharge from the auxiliary water compartment into the conduit l4 and the discharge from the conduit l4 into the main water compartment take place respectively at the upper portions of these compartments as I have illustrated.

Water may be supplied to the water compartment In from any one or more suitable sources but, where it is desired to supply or return water from the main water compartment to the auxiliary water compartment for higher heating, it may be accomplished by discharging the water from the main water compartment 9 at l6, passing through the outside conduit l1 and discharging at l8 into the auxiliary water compartment I0. I have found that the most effective results obtain when the discharges l6 and I8 are disposed respectively in the lower portions of the compartments 9 and Hi.

It has been found that, when the conduits for the passage of the hot water from the auxiliary quick-heating water compartment to the main water compartment are located within the boiler, heat is abstracted from the hot water during this passage and adverse circulation currents are set up in the main water compartment, and that noisy operation results. Also, when the conto heating water compartment are located within the boiler there in the vicinity of the inlet, which is objectionable from the standpoint of proper circulation of the water in the boiler. By locating the conduits on the outside, these objections and disadvantages the auxiliary quickdevelops an eddying circulation are satisfactorily overcome, and the fluid circulation is positive and continuous in the proper direction. These outside conduits I4 and I1 may be made integral with the shell I of the boiler. if desired.

When using a partition H (see Figs. 1 and 4) which is obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler, the cooler water enters the auxiliary water compartment at the low side of the partition through the conduit l1 discharging at l8, while the hot water or steam leaves the auxiliary water compartment at the high side of the partition, passing out at l3 into the conduit M. The difference in density due to temperature difference and the difference in water level tend to cause the water to rise as it is heated and thus increase the circulation in the auxiliary quickheating water compartment and also counteract any tendencies toward return or counter circulation of the water or the formation of steam pockets in the auxiliary water compartment. The incline also serves as a guide to the water flow and promotes the speed of flow,

The fire pot 4 is preferably lined with a firefacing or coating IQ of plastic refractory mate- ,rial of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufliciently thin to promptly transfer heat therethrough to the fiuid in the water lining.

The materials employed for making a suitable plastic refractory for use in my boiler may be selected from a wide range of substances commonly employed in the boiler art and which include silicon carbide, raw fire clay, calcined fire clay, magnesium oxide, chrome ores, mica, talc, quartz, kaolin, diatomaceous and infusorial earths, tripoli, kieselguhr, alundum, fire brick, magnesite, ganister, Portland and hydraulic cements, gypsum, anhydrite, volcanic scoriae, and slag. Some of these materials may be used alone,

while all of these substances have been employed I in combinations of two or more in various compositions, the proportions being varied to meet the particular needs and fancy of the manufacturer and/or user. These materials are comminuted to the desired size and a suitable binder in liquid form is added to yield a plastic mixture suitable for molding and application as may be desired.

In the specification and claims the term plastic refractory material has reference to a substance prepared from materials, such as described above, and which is plastic during its application and subsequently hardens.

In Fig. 4, a hot water supply coil 24 is shown in connection with the specific embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig. 1, but it may be applied to the other modification as well. This coil 24 is positioned in the upper part of the main water compartment 9 and in the vicinity of the discharge of the hot water or steam from the auxiliary water compartment l0, through the outside conduit l4 and into the main water compartment 9. For convenience this coil 24 may be connected direct to the cover plate 25 which closes the opening in the boiler shell through which the coil 24 may be inserted or withdrawn.

The boiler is provided with the customary handholes 26 for cleaning the various parts of the the main water compartment 9, an inlet 29 is provided.

cific details set forth in the foregoing examples which should be construed as illustrative andnot by way of limitation, and in view of the numerous modifications which may be effected therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, it is desired that only such limitations be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a house heating device, a boiler having a main water compartment, an auxiliary quickheating water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a fire pot having a refractory lining comprising a floor section and a wall section and disposed between said auxiliary water compartment and the interior of said fire pot, said auxiliary water compartment having a portion bound to said refractory lining, and said water compartments being connected for fluid circulation by an outside conduit from the upper part of the auxiliary water compartment to the upper part of the main water compartment and by another outside conduit from the lower part of the main water compartment to the lower part of the auxiliary water compartment, and heat-insulating means separating said water compartments from each other.

2. In a low pressure boiler, a main water compartment, an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a fire pot having a refractory lining comprising a floor section and wall sections and disposed between said auxiliary water compartment and the interior of said fire pot, said auxiliary quick-heating water compartment having a portion bound to said refractory lining, and said water compartments being connected by an outside conduit from the auxiliary water compartment to the main water compartment, and a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments.

3. In a low pressure boiler, a main water compartment, an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a fire pot having a refractory lining comprising a floor section and wall sections and disposed between said auxiliary water compartment and the interior of said fire pot, said auxiliary quick-heating water compartment having a portion bound to said refractory lining, and said water compartments being connected for fluid circulation by an outside conduit from the upper part of the auxiliary water compartment to the upper part of the main water compartment and by another outside conduit from the lower part of the main water compartment to the lower part of the auxiliary water compartment, and a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments.

4. In a low pressure boiler, a main water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining forming a fire pot for said boiler and constituting an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, said quick-heating water compartment comprising a floor section and a wall section communicating with and extending upwardly from said floor section, said main water compartment and auxiliary water compartment being connect- .ed by an outside conduit from the water lining to the main water compartment, a fire-facing of plastic refractory material on said floor section and wall section, and a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments. r

5. In a low pressure boiler, a main water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining forming a fire pot' for said boiler and constituting an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, said quick-heating water compartment comprising a floor section and a Wall section communicating with and extending upwardly from said floor section, a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments, said main water compartment and auxiliary water compartment being connected for fluid circulation by an outside conduit from the upper part of the water lining to the upper part of the main water compartment and by another outside conduit from the lower part of the main water compartment to the lower part of the water lining, and a fire-facing of plastic refractory material on said floor section and wall section, said coating being of adequate thickness to absorb heat and to radiate heat back to the flame of the burner and sufficiently thin to transfer heat therethrough to the fluid in the floor and wall sections.

6. In a low pressure boiler, a main water compartment, a fluid fuel burner, a water lining forming a fire pot for said boiler and constituting an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, said quick-heating water compartment comprising a floor section and a wall section communicating with and extending upwardly from said floor section, said main water compartment and auxiliary water compartment being connected for fluid circulation by an outside conduit from the upper part of the water lining to the upper part of the main water compartment and by another outside conduit from the lower part of the main water compartment to the lower part of the water lining, a fire-facing of plastic refractory material on said floor section and wall section, and heat-insulating means separating said water lining from said main water compartment.

'7. In a boiler, a main water compartment, an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment and a heating gas compartment surrounded by said water compartments, said auxiliary water compartment being of smaller volume than the main water compartment and having disposed to receive heat a greater area per unit volume than that of the main water compartment and said auxiliary water compartment being disposed to receive heat from the combustion before said combustion gases reach the heat-receiving part of the main water compartment, an outside co-nduit extending from the auxiliary water compartment to the main water compartment and having its discharge near the upper part of said main water compartment for conducting heated water or steam from the auxiliary compartment to the main water compartment, and a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments.

8. In a boiler, a fire pot, a main water compartment, an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment and a heating gas compartment surrounded by said water compartments, said auxiliary water compartment surrounding at least the greater part of said fire pot and disposed to receive heat from the combustion products at and immediately after combustion and before said combustion products reach the heat-receiving part of the main water compartment of the boiler and said auxiliary compartment being of smaller volume than the main water compartment and having disposed to receive heat a greater area per unit volume than the heat-receiving area of the main water compartment, an outside conduit extending from the auxiliary compartment to the main Water compartment and. having its discharge near the upper part of said main Water compartment for conducting heated water or steam from the auxiliary compartment to the main Water compartment, and. a heat-insulating partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said Water compartments.

9. In a boiler, a fire pot, a main water compartment, and an auxiliary quick-heating water compartment, said auxiliary water compartment surrounding at least the greater part of said fire pot and disposed to receive heat from the combustion products at and immediately after combustion and before said combustion products reach the heatreceiving part of the main water compartment and said auxiliary water compartment being of smaller volume than the main water compartment and having disposed to receive heat a greater area per unit volume than the heat-receiving area of the main water compartment, a partition obliquely inclined to the axis of the boiler and separating said water compartments, an outside conduit extending from said auxiliary water compartment at the high side of the oblique partition to the main water compartment and having its discharge near the upper portion of said main Water compartment for conducting heated water or steam from the auxiliary water compartment to the main water compartment.

MORA s. HALL. 

